\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{ctex,siunitx}
\setCJKmainfont{Noto Serif CJK SC}
\usepackage{tkz-euclide}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{circuitikz}
\usetikzlibrary{patterns, calc}
\usetikzlibrary {decorations.pathmorphing, decorations.pathreplacing, decorations.shapes,}
\ctikzset{bipoles/length=0.9cm}
\begin{document}
\small
\begin{circuitikz}[>=latex, scale=1,european]
  % \useasboundingbox(0.9,0)rectangle(5.1,5);
  \draw(0,0)node[below left]{$A$}--(-1.5,0)--(-1.5,-1.4)to[battery,name=dc](2,-1.4)to[rmeter,t=G](2,0)--(0.5,0);
  \draw[fill=white](0,0)circle(0.05);
  \draw(0,0)circle(0.5);
  \draw[line width=0.6mm](0,-0.47)arc(-90:0:0.47)node[midway,right]{$K$};
  \node at (dc.left)[below left]{$E$};
  \draw[very thin,->](-0.6,0.8)--++(1.0,-1.0);
  \draw[very thin,->](-0.7,0.7)--++(1.0,-1.0)node[at start,above left]{光};
  \draw[very thin,->](-0.8,0.6)--++(1.0,-1.0);
  \draw[very thin,->](0.6,0.1)--++(1.0,0)node[midway,above]{$I$};
\end{circuitikz}
\end{document}